Urinary Tract Infections: These are infections caused by bacteria that infect the bladder, kidneys, or urinary tract (urethra). They can manifest as symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation, and cloudy urine.

Kidney Stones: These are stones formed by the combination of small crystals in the kidneys. These stones can cause pain and discomfort when they are passed through the urinary tract from the kidneys.

Prostate Problems: Conditions such as enlargement of the prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia) or inflammation (prostatitis) can lead to prostate problems. These conditions can affect urine flow.

Urinary Incontinence: Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. There are different types, such as stress incontinence and urge incontinence.

Male Infertility: Infertility caused by problems with the male reproductive system. There may be problems with sperm production or transport.

Sexual Problems in Men: These include sexual dysfunction, erection problems (erectile dysfunction), and premature ejaculation.

Urological Cancers: Urological cancers such as prostate cancer, kidney cancer, and bladder cancer are other diseases that urology deals with.

Congenital Urological Anomalies: These include congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and reproductive system. These conditions may be detected after birth or during childhood.

Urinary Tract Obstructions: Narrowing or blockages in the urethra or urinary tract can obstruct urine flow.

Urology is a medical specialty that specializes in diagnosing, treating, and monitoring the health of patients with many such diseases. Treatment methods include medication, surgical interventions, and other medical procedures.